Inductive system.



No. 831,599. PATENTED SEPT. 25, 1906. R. C. BROWNE. INDUGTIVE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19,1904.

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No. 831,599. I PATENTED SEPT. 25, 1906.

- R. c. BROWNE. INDUCTIVE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19. 1904.

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Wjfikeiflej I 54 4 aeizfmr Jgf 2 I I 0W 7&7 71m No. 831,599. PATENTBD SEPT. 25, 1906- R. C. BROWNB. INDUGTIVE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION IILBD 5116.19, 1904.

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RALPH (J. BROWNE, OF SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS.

I INDUCTlVE SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters-Patent.

Patented Sept. 25, 1906.

Application filed August 19, 1904. Serial No. 221,354-

.To allwhom'it may concern: a

Be it known that I, RALPH C. BROWNE, of

Salem, in the county of Essex and StateIof 1 Massachusetts, have invented certain new One of provide a high-frequenc'yapparatus of such and useful Improvements in Inductive Sys te1ns, of which the following is ajspecification.j

7 v This inventionhas relation to methods and I means of producing high-frequency electrical 'cur rents and the adaptation thereof for producing ozone and'for therapeutical and X-ray purposes.

the object's'of the invention is to compactness and light weight that it may be conveniently carried by a physician for use at patients residence.

Another object is to providea svstem and an apparatus which may be employed withi or an alternating current in the out change in connection with either a direct generation of the high-frequency current.

' The invention has, further, for its object I to provide certain improvements both in the the condenser-circuit.

method and means for producing such currents, all as will be set forth full in th following specification and pointe out in the claims. It may be stated that the invention comprehends a system which is complex, since it operates differently when used in connection with direct and alternating currents, although the results produced are similar in that high-frequency currents are generated in either case at efliciency. N 0 change is necessary in adaptlng the apparatus for operation in connectlon with alternatin or direct currents, the changes that take p ace being purely automatic.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 represents diagrammatically a simple form of the invention which is particularly applicable for continuous or direct currents. Fig. 2 represents a different arrangement of the condenser-circuit. Fig. 3 represents another embodiment of the invention which is quite similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1-, except that there is the addition of a transformer to Fig. 4 represents diagrammatically the preferred form of the in- I vention which is applicable for use in connection with both alternating anddirect currents. Fig. 5 represents a conventional section through an improved high frequency transformer which I employ in connection with my system. Fig. 6 represents the section of an improved therapeutic appliance which I em-.

ploy in the system and in which a high-fre- 'ql111ency transformer is located in the handle t ereof. F1ga7 represents'an improved ter- '60 minal which I employ for producing ozone.

Fig. 8 illustrates-another form of interrupter- 'or breaking mechanism which I mayemploy for interrupting the main circuit; .Fig. 9

represents aperspective view of the'assem- I is capable of other embodiments, and, fur- 'ther that the phraseology which I employ is for the limitation. 4

purpose of description and not of In accordance with myinvention I cause the flow of a current of electricity to be inter- 8o rupted and at practically the same instant connect a condenser of any desired capacity across the break in the circuit, whereupon the current that would otherwise build up,

as it were, across said break or point of rup- 8 5- ture in the circuit flows into the condenser.

The condenser after receiving this rush of current' is disconnected and is not again brought into connection with the circuit until another break occurs. being entirely automatic the charging goes on until the condenser is filled to the point of rupture or to a point where it will discharge disruptively through a circuit arranged to receive it, which circuit may contain special 5 transformers and other apparatus to utilize the high-frequency waves set up. In order that the rush of current into the condenser may be intensified, the main or interrupted circuit preferably contains a considerable loo amount of self-induction, particularly if it is continuous, and for further raising the voltage of the condenser I may connect to it. the secondary coil of a transformer whose primary coil 1s in series connection with the main or interrupted circuit.

Referringto Fig. 1, which, as previously stated, is particularly applicable for employment in connection with the direct or continuous current, a 0. indicate the conductors 1. 10 I of a continuous-current circuit, it being understood that said conductors are connected It will be un erstood at the outset the 70 This connection 0 with a suitable generator and that the circuit includes necessary switches and other apparatus. Placed in the circuit a, which may be termed the main or interrupted circuit, is the interrupter or apparatus for intermittently breakiniorinterru ting it. Thebreak is indicated at and it is ormed by the separation of the stationary contact b and movable contact I) of an interrupter, the contact I) being mounted upon the end 'of a relatively long s ring b, which is adapted to be forced away om the contact I) by means of the cam or member 0 on a shaft 0, journaled in uprights or hearings c. interposed between the cam and the relatively longspring b is a short spring d, .so mounted that when the cam is rotated it will force the shorter spring outward, and the latter will engage the longer spring b and will separate the' contact I) from that of b to cause a break at b, and thus open the main circuit. The contact I) is in series connection with the main circuit through the standard e and the bar e, whereas the spring I; and contact b are in series with said circuit through the support I), to which the said spring is secured. indicates a condenser placed in a circuit f t e wires or .conductors of which'are connected, respec break only at the instant of openi circuit and that since. the spring is much tivel with the post e and the support or stan aid 0'. The spring d, which is connected with the support'c', and the springs 12 are provided,with contacts (1 and b, respectively, which areenga ed when the cam has rotated far enough to orce said spring 'd outward for the purpose of breakingthe main circuit at b. By reason of this construction it will be seen that the condenser-circuit f will be connected with the main circuit across the the main shorter than the spring 6 it will separate from the s ri 6 before the latter closes the break at an that consequently the condenser is disconnected from the main circuit before said circuit is again closed. The break in the condenser-circuit, which is intermittently closed by the contacts cl. and b of the interrupter, is indicated at d; Around,

the condenser f is connected another circuit (indicated at g,) for utilizing the discharges of the condenser, said circuit g having an open break or gap g and a high-frequency. transfor'mer h in series, said high-frequency transformer being illustrated conventionally in this figure, but hereinafter described in detail. On shaftC is a momentum-wheel '0 which is formed of brass or other non-magnetic electrically-conducting material and which has embodied in it a bar of iron or other magnetic material, (indicated ate.) The cam c is formed with two leaves, and its major axis is parallel to the median line of the bar 0 for a purpose to be described. The main circuit a includes a self-induction device A, comprising a coil "0, and the core a the'shaft C and in proximity to the momentum-wheel 0 so that the bar 0 being rotated cuts the magnetic field of the said core, and the core therefore draws toward it that end of the bar which is nearest. As soon, however, as the bar approaches a line parallel with the core the main circuit is interrupted, and the momentum of the wheel is sufficient to carry it around until the opposite end of the bar comes within the ma etic field and is attracted by the core. T e currents set up in the diamagnetic portion of the wheel, cutting the magnetic lines of force serve as a drag to s'tea y the rotation of the wheel. When an alternating current is on the main current, the wheel will not rotate, as will subse uently be explained.

11 Fig. 2 another arrangement of the induction-circuit is illustrated, in which the.

high-frequency transformer h is placed in the circuit f, so that the rush of current that charges the condenser f passes through it, as well as the overflow of said condenser.

In Fig. 3 another embodiment of the invention is diagrammatically illustrated and which is similar to that illustrated in Fig. l, except that a low-frequency transformer & 1s emp oyed. The primary coil '1'. of the said transformer is in series in the maincircuit, whereas the secondary coil i is in a circuit a around the circuit 9 and the circuitj". The main conductor a is connected between the coils i and i,- as illustrated. According to this arrangement-the primary coil '5 of the transformer is connected with one side of the break I), and the secondary coil is connected. with that-side of the condenser f which is condenser f, and it intensifies the action of the apparatus when em loyed in connection with a direct current.

former.

In Fig. 4 I have illustrated the preferredform' of the invention, which, like that in Fig. 3, is applicable for both alternating and direct currents. Fig. 4 is largely diagram- 'matical; but it illustrates in detail mechanical constructions and contrivances which are utilized in the apparatus. In this fi e 7c represent binding-posts which ma 'e connected with the conductors of eit er an alternating or direct current circuit, They are connected by conductors k with the stationary contacts k of a bipolar switch k. The said contacts k are connected by crossed ere an alternating current is used, the condenser is charged by L the secondary of the low-frequency transcuit a. The employment of the low-frequency transformer raises the voltage of the I ib s and consequent conductors k with the contacts k of said switch, so that said switch by this construcprimary coil '1', of the lowequency transformer '11. ,The self-induction coil a is divided'in sections which are connected in series, but which are provided with the contacts a, so that by means of a switch-a one or more of said coils may be thrown onto line for the purpose of regulating the intake,

y the output, of the apparatus and adapting-it to various volta es of In this figure it is s own that the bar e, which carries the contact b is threaded and is provided with a milled head of nonconduct1ng material, by which it may be rotated to adjust it toward and from the contact b*. It will be further seen upon examination of this figure that the. spring I) may be. adjusted by means of a screw 6, which bears against its lower portion to adjust it toward and from the contact I) and the contact d on the spring (i The condenser-circuit f has placed in it in series a nectedwith stationary contacts h.

self-induction device, such as a choking-coil f for further preventing disruptive charges taking lace at the gap d, said choking-coil bein p aced between the condenser and the stan ard c and the spring (1. The remainder of the condenser-circuitf, or that portion of the circuit for utilizing the discharges from the .condenser and which includes the low-resistance conductor for connecting the condenser with the post -e, in-

cludes a switch m, by means of which the discharge of the condenser ma be regulated and directed. By means of t is switch the circuit may be c osed through the primary coils of the high-frequency transformer h or through a similar transformer in the handle of a therapeutic appliance n. The high-frequency transformer is illustrated in detail in Fig. 5 and will be subsequently described. It is suilicient here to state that the several series of primary coils are separately con- The gap g, which corresponds with that indicated by the same character in Fig. 3, is formed by two corrugated bars g 9 whose faces are made of sterling silver or any other good conductor of heat which is also a conductor of electricity when either bright or oxidized.

The bar 9 is adjustably threaded into an upright 9 and is secured after adjustment by a set-screw g ()n the end of the bar 9 is a milled head g, of insulating material, by which it may be rotated for adiustment. In

Fig. 4 the gap is in series with the primary .coils of the high-frequency transformer,

there being a conductor g, leading from the post g to the condenser. Leading into the same side of the condenser is the secondary circuit 7?, which includes the secondary coil i of the low-frequency transformer i, The high frequency transformer h or that in the appliance a may be connected to the condenser-discharge circuit f separately. The therapeutic appliance n is arranged to be connected wit said circuit f by a branch circuit n, which includes a stationary contact n with which the switch m may be engaged and which is arranged in proximity to the stationary contacts it. When the switch m is in contact with the contact a, the discharge from the condenser asses through the appliancen to the excluslon of the high-frequency transformer h, whereas when said switch engages. any of the contacts 71/ h the discharge from the condenser passes through the transformer h and not through the transformer in the appliance'n The appliance n itself will be subsequently described in detail.

In the apparatus as thus described it is quite apparent that either a direct or an alternating current may be employed with equal facility. Where the alternating circuit is used, the momentum-wheel 0 does not rotate, and there will be no break at b and-no make at (Z. that owing to the rapidity of the change of the lines of force of the core of the induction- This is true for the reason coil the iron bar 0 is not attracted with suflicient force to support it or to keep up its revolution.- The current therefore will flow smoothly through the main circuit a, except of course for the alternations which are incidental to the circuit. This flow of the current, which includes theprimary coil '2', of the low-frequency transformer 11, will induce a current of high voltage in the secondary i", which will charge the, condenser f, owing to the fact that the condenser is connected directly across its terminals, one side being connected to one side of the secondary i and the other side being connected to the est e and thence to the primary coil 'i, whic is in turn connected to the other terminal or end of the secondary '17. Under these conditions the gap (1 is opened so as to force the condenser to discharge over the break at g.

' For the purprse of controlling the highfrequenc transformer in the apphance n and that indlcated at h I employ an improved switch of special design'that is connected in the shunt around them. This shunt-circuit is indicated at 0, and it ccntains the two stationary contacts 0 0 in series. Owing to the excepticnallyjhigh voltage that is frequently present in either circuit of the apparatus, it is of great importance that there should be no possibility of the operator receiving a shock when manipulating this switch, especially since the operator may be in connection with the high voltage of thesecondary of one of the high-frequency transformers. Consequently mechanism is provided by means f whi ed loosely upon the end of the piston-rod 0 connected to a piston 0 in a cylinder 0, said piston and cylinder constituting a fluid-o erated or pneumatic hammer. One end 0 the cylinder is open, but the otheris closed except that it is connected by a nipple 0 with a flexible conduit 0*,terminating in a compressible bulb 0 Connected to the bar 0 is a boss 0 which will be engaged by the piston o with a powerful blow to force the contacts 0 against contacts 0. 0 By contracting and expanding the bulb 0 piston o 'will be caused to move in one direction or the other and to impart a hammer-blow to the cross-head o to engage or disengage the contacts, as the case may be. This hammer-blow is necessary in disengaging the movable contacts from the stationary contacts, owing to the welding of the contact-points together by reason of the action of the current. By the employment of the bulb-switch the operator may control the condenser-circuit with ease and without danger of receiving shock.

As the efficiency of the-apparatus depends to a great extenton the pro er construction of the high-frequency trans ormer placed inthe condenser-circuit, I have devised one which answer's every purpose and which I shall now describe in detail, it being'illustrated conventionally on a larger scale in Fig.

5. The primary It consists of any desired 1 number of turns, preferably six or seven, of a low-resistance conductor wound into a single layer, so that the turns are all of e ual length. The secondary It consists of a di erent number of turns, more or le ss than the primary, according to whether it 1s desired to raise the voltage or power of the rimary current or to lower it.

they extend radially from the axis, or else larger wires are employed for theouter layers,

' seconda As illustrate on the drawings the secondary is wound for the purpose of raising this all being for the purpose of keepin a substantially uniform resistance and for 51s purpose of placing the greatest number of" turns where the lines of force set up b the rimary coil are weakest. I have foun that if the resistance in the secondary is not uniform and the voltage generated in the various layers practically e ual the coil will show a tendenc to break own near the circumference. illustrated in Fig. 5 the outer layer of the secondary is connected with the primary to reduce the voltage between the and the primary and prevent a disruptive ischarge'from the secondary to the primary; but for the purpose of grounding the apparatus I may employ a grounding-line p, having a small condenser p placed therein. (See Fig. 4.) This condenser permits a wave or rush of current to flow into the ground when there is a similar discharge from the electrode which forms the other terminal of the secondary. This is not essential in the operation of the machine, but it is hi hl desirable to protect the system with which it is connected. A high-frequency transformer as thus described is compact and may be made in smaller size, so as to be placed in the handle of a therapeutic appliance-as shown, for inwhich is of insulating material, as indicated at n, is hollow to receive the conductors n,

which connect the primary coils with sockets n in the circuit 11. in Fig. 4. In the hollow handle is also transformer, as indicated" as a whole at n. The handle also carries the glass electrode n, into which one end of the secondary projects. An appliance of this, character is especially applicable 'for the formation of ultra-violet rays for therapeutic pu oses. In the highfre uency transformer ilustrated in Figs.-'4 an 5 the secondary is connected with an upstanding terminal or electrode h. ,A peculiar efiect takes place in the coils thus wound, although long sparks and other phenomena commonly associated with high-voltage electricity may be obtained from the central terminal h". These peculiar discharges do not depend upon high voltage for their development, since if..the number of turns in the primary be increased-that is,

. the ratio between the primary andsecondary be changeda central terminal or electrode it! maybe connected to objects of large ca pacity, so' as to do away with the discharge-at that point, whereupon a very brilliant discharge takes place from the circumference of the high-fro uency transformer-coil h to the center; In act, two separate discharges may be obtained at one and the same timet0 wit, a discharge from the center of a soft feathery nature and a discharge from the cir cumference to the center of a heavy brilliant disruptive spark. I have mentioned this a illustrating the fact that the brushes, s4

placed the high-frequency called, probably depend upon something other than voltage for their development, since I have often noticed that the soft feathery spark at the center has but little power to .5 overcome resistance, except air, that the discharge has when more primary is used and the voltage is theoretically reduced. For the purpose of providing a complementary electrode I employ one which is indicated at h? and which is illustrated as in connection with the condenser-circuit f.

In the production of'ozone or-oxygen gas from the atmosphere 'by-the action of high frequencycurrents of electricity other condisince a'disch'ar e of electricity through the air or other mixe gasescontaining oxygen does not necessarily produce ozone, and,'indeed,

of high-frequency or other high-voltage electricity is as apt to form nitrous or nitric acid as ozone. To produce the best ozonizin effect, the fre uency of the currents shoul be adjusted effher by varying the size of the condenserf or by inserting a predetermined amount of self-induction into the primary k or the secondary 725 of the transformer it, though preferably'it is inserted in the primary. This effect may be secured to a cer- '0 tain extent by cutting in a greater or less (number of turns of the primary. Another condition that to a great extent governs the amount and purity of the ozone generated by the passage of the high-frequency current I into the atmosphereis the nature of the surface of the electrode that comes in contact with the gases. This should not be either pointed or blunt, as a large knob, for in the one case the point of contact between the V o electrode and the gas is too small for any considerable amount of gas to be acted upon, whereas in the other case it requires too great a strain or voltage for the discharge to take place into the said gases;-- I find the most 5 efficient ozone-generator to be. obtained by the use of the smallest amount of metal consistent with str'en thin a form that will present a number of rounded faces to the surrounding gases and at the same time re- '50 servean arc-like structure. 'Consequent y I preferably convey the high-frequency current to a ring or'series of rings of some suitable wire covered with an open helical spring stretched somewhat longer than the wire '5 5 about which it is coiled, so as to cause each convolution to stand out, prominently by the sustaining and supporting'ring g. It is ";q ite evident that more than one of these sjrmgsmay be employed and that they may tions than high voltage must be considered,-

' in the case of the atmosphere a dischargebe arranged at angular planes so as' to ap proximate a sphere.

Referring to Fig. 4, it will be observed that on the core of the lowfre uency trans former & there is a coil i of anot er secondary 7o cuit should be wound upon the transformer '01, 8o 5 since'it may he wound, if desired, upon the core a of the induction-coil a. In fact, one of ,I i i the coils a may be employed forthis purpose One of the important features of the inventlon is the arrangement and relation of the various parts of the apparatus hereinbefore described in order that their full efliciency may be obtained, since the system as above described largely depends for its efficiency upon the arrangement and relation of the various parts, inasmuch as the referred form of the ap aratus is one for t e use of physicians. T e apparatus is consequently portable, so that a physician may move it from place to place and connect it where pos- 5 sible with the ordinary house-lighting circuit.

The entire apparatus is contained within a quadrilateral or oblong dust-tight cabinet having a smooth exterior. This cabinet consists of three different members which ma be folded together and secured in their fold ed positions. These members are indicated, respectively, at s, t, and u. They are all supported upon a base 1), the member t being rigidly secured thereto, the member 3 being hinged thereto, and the member a being complemental to'and hinged to the member If, so as to fold thereupon, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10. The member t forms, as it were, a sepa rate case, of which the member a isthe cover. Within the case t is placed the condenser f, the condenser p, and the switch mechanism, which is indicated in Fig. 4 at O and which includes the piston and c linder 0 0 and the parts connected therewit The tube or con- I 15 duit 0 extends through an aperture in the top of the case if to the cylinder. Upon the surface. of the case is mounted the inductioncoil, (indicated as a whole at A,) the makelow-frequency transformer 'i and may be swung about its hinges to occupy the position shown in Fig. 10, there being such vacant space upon the surface of the case t that when the cover is folded down the transformer i fits between the various parts of the apparatus located upon the said case. The e ectrode h" in the condenser-circuit is pivotbeyond the case or member t, ishinged the material.

strap or band may be case or member s, in which is'pl'aced the highfrequency transformerh and from the top or upper surface of which rogiec-ts the secondary' terminal or electrod' h", which is suitabl y insulated by rubber or other insulating This terminal or electrode is in alinement with the terminalor electrode It, so that when the member s is folded into a closed position the said terminal or electrode engages the terminal or electrode h and forces the latter toward a prone position until they both liein the space between the case t and the cover or member a, one end of the cover 11. having an opening a" to receive thebase of the terminals h In closing thecabinet the case or member s is swung from the position which it occupies in Fig. 9 to the position shown in Fig. 10. Then the cover or member at is swung forward to the position= shown in Fig. 10, this having the effect of locking the member or case 8 securely in its fielded position. A latch member w, pivoted tothe cover 11. at w, is engaged witha catch w on the front of" the case t; This latch when the cabinet is unfolded serves we support for the free end of the cover u.- A asscd lengthwise around the cabinet to e ectively .hold the parts together and toserve as a means by which it may be transported or carried from placeto place.

It will be understood that the various parts of the system or ap aratus are properly connected together an are suitably insulated so that they'wili perform their functions inthe most eflicient manner.

Where there are electrical conneetlons between the ap aratusand the several members of the ca inst, they are preferably connested! through the hinges b which the said members are attached to'eacli base v; The case may be made in various sizes, as desired, for different pur oses, al-

= though the particular cabinet whic I have illustrated as embodying the invention measures sixteen by eight by eight inches,

this size being "ven for the purpose of illus- 6 trating with w at compactness the various arts of the system an the apparatus are iirranged and related. 4

It is. quite apparent that various changes may be made in the apparatus and the parts thereof as herein described. For instance,

provided with an upward that at g in Figs. 1 and 2, and t covered with silver or similar material, as hereinbefore described. The core a, of the induction-coil a is arranged at substantially a right angle to the pin or projection :2 so that when a continuous current is used from condenser other or to-the the ends of. an arc-like oscillator a), havlng contact-points x :c on its ends. The oscil later is so formed that the two contactvpoints' x ax cannot possibly at the same time be in contact with the stationary contacts a: a). A s 2: bears against the oscillator to hold the oint x norm-ally against the comtaet, 2:. he oscillator is pivoted at 2: and is pin to, the end of which may be enga d by the ends of the cam c. As the whee 0" 1'0- tates for the purpose of disconnecting they that illustrated in 4. In.

y-projccting lug ora: m indicate 'sta- .tionary contacts with which may be engaged point x? from the contact a and of engaging the point x with the contact a the contacts 1: and a; form a gap corresponding tothat at b in Fig. 4, whereas the contacts as and 2: form a gap similar to that at d in said figure.

The supports y y for the contacts a; :n

are utilized to support adjustable posts or.

bars 2 z for the formation of a ghap; Sli'flilfi-I to en faces are the main circuit a the momentum-wheel will be caused to rotate, as previously described. The condenser-circuit is similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1.

greatest amplitude, and as soonas the centact x approaches the contact :0. there is a rush of current into the condenser. This apen the main circuit -1s interrupted, the waves increase to their plia-nce may be employed with the apparatus 1n the same relation as shown in Fig. 4. It is also-evident that the self-induction coil a and the low-frequency transformer I may be combined into an autotransformer without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventlon. Furthermore, both sides of the work together toentirely out out the condenser f from the maincircuit afterit has received' its first rush ofi current from the break I). I It is quite apparent that, if desired, the

breaks ma be made by the aid of'any other motor, eit er of a rotary or vibrating ing and using the same, alt'oughwithout attempting to set forthall of the forms inmay be connected to spring;- similar to t ose at d and B in. Fig. 4 an bot .break'is formed.

which it may be made or all of the modes of its use, I- declare that what I claim is 1. Anjnductive system comprising a condenser, a main circuit having an intermittently-formed break, and means for connecting said condenser to said circuit across said break and then disconnecting it therefrom.

' 2. An inductive system comprising a condenser, a main circuit having an intermittently-formed break, and means for auto-' 'matically connecting sald condenser in said circuit.v across said break only when said 3. An'induetive system comprising a main circuit, {means for intermittently breaking said circuit, a condenser normally disconnected from said maln c1rcu1t,-an.d means for connecting said condenser to said main circuit across said break subsequent to the eefrom break.

tual formation of said break.

' 4; An'inductive system comprising a main circuit, means for intermittently breaking said circuit, a condenser normally disconnected from said main circuit, and means for connecting'said condenser to said main circuit across said break and disconnecting it said circuit prior to the close of said 5. An inductive system comprising :1 nornially'disconnected condenser, a main circuit connected with a source of electrical energy 'to receive a current of electricity, means interrupting the main circuit until the electrical waves of the current are at their greatest :1 mplitude, and means for the connecting the condenser to said circuit to recoi e the rush of current.

6. An inductive system comprising a main circuit having self-induction therein, a' condenser-circuit and 11102118 for intermittently connecting said condenser-circuit to said ,main circuit to cause a current to flow in but one direction in saidcondenser-circuit and into the condenser.

7. An inductive system compris ng a condenser, a main circuit, a secondary inducedcurrent circuit, and means for charging the condenser with current from the main circuit and from-the secondary induced-current circuit. v

8. An inductive system comprising a main circuit having an intermittently formed break, a secondary c rcuit in inductive rela- 'tion to the main circuit, a condenser, and means for simultaneously charging the condenser with current from the secondary C11- cuit-and from the -main circuit across the opera ted when a direct current is passed through the main circuit but is inactive when an alternating current is passed through said main circuit, whereby said system is equally operative with either of said currents.

10. An inductive system comprising a main circuit having in series connection, a normally closed interrupter, means operated by a continuous current only for intermittently operating said interrupter to break the main circuit, a condenser, means for connecting said condenser to said main circuit across the break form ed by said interrupter, and mea ns in inductive relation to the main ciI cuit for intensifying the current delivered to the condenserwhen a direct current is on the main circuit, and for charging the condenser when an alternating current is on said main circuit, whereby said system is equally operative for both alternating and direct currents.

1]. An inductive system comprising a main circuit having in series connection, a normally closed interrupter, and the primary coil of a low-frequency transformer; a condenser-circuit having in series connection the secondary of said transformer and a cond cnser; and means operated by direct current in the main circuit for intermittently operating said interrupter and connecting the condenser-circuit across the break caused thereby in the main circuit, said means being inactive to permit the interrupter to remain inactive when an alternating current is on the line. A

12. An inductive system comprising a condenser, a main circuit and inductive means 0 erative at all times without a manual c ange for charging the condenser by secondary induction when an alternating current is passed through the main circuit and for charging the condenser by self-induction when a direct current is passed through said main circuit.

13. An inductive system comprising a main circuit having a self-induction device, a normally closed interrupter and the primary eoiLof a low-frequency transformer in series connection; a condenser-circuit having in series connection the secondary coil of said transformer and a condenser; a motor caused to operate by the self-induction device when a direct current is passed therethrough; a normally open interrupter placed in the condenser-circuit, and means actuated by said motor for intermittently opening the firstntentioned interrupter and closing the second-mentioned interrupter to connect the condenser-circuit across the break formed in the main circuit.

14. An inductive system comprising a main circuit, a condenser-circuit, a normally main circuit, a condenser-circuit, a normally closed interrupter in the main circuit, a normally open interrupter 111 the condenser-circuit, and automatically-operated means for closing the last-mentioned interrupter and opening the first-mentioned interrupter to "connect the condenser-circuit across the break in the main circuit, and thereafter o ening the normally open interrupter and t en closing the normally closed interrupter,

all in the order named.

16. An inductive system comprising a main circuit having an electromagnet, a' diamagnetic electrically-conductingmomentumwheel having a magnetic bar diametrically therethrough, rotatable through the magneticlines of force of the core of said magnet, whereby the ends of said bar are successively attracted by said core and the electric currents set ,up in said diamagnetic portion of said wheel operate as a drag to even the motion thereof, an. interrupter in series connection with said induction-coil in said main circuit, and means operated by said wheel for operating said interrupter tointermittently break said circuit when either end of said bar approaches the said core.

17. An inductive system comprising an intermittently-interru ted circuit containing self-induction, a con enser, and means in consequence of which the condenser may be connected across the point of rupture in said intermittently-interrupted circuit, to receive a succession of rushes or inflows of current prior 'to its discharge.

18. An inductive system comprising an intermittently-interrupted circuit containing self-induction, a condenser of any desired capacity, and means in consequence of which said condenser may be charged by a succession of rushes of current taken from the intermittently-interrupted circuit prior to its discharge.

19. An inductive system comprising an intermittently-interrupted circuit containing self-induction, a condenser with means for connecting it across the oint of rupture in the main circuit, and se f-induction device placed between the condenser and the interrupter circuit. 7

20. An inductive system comprising an intermittently-interrupted circuit containing self-induction, a condenser, a self-inductive .device, a circuit for utilizing the discharge of 'I the said condenser and means for intermito te ntly connecting said condenser and self- .inductive device across the fpoint of rupture iwhereby only the rush' 0 current which -'j.f:charges; the-condenser passes through said -.;,ielf-'induction device. L 5 r} 21. inductive system comprising a 22. An inductive system comprising a main circuit having a normally closed break, a condenser-circuit having a normally open break, a circuit for utilizing the discharge of said condenser having I a permanently' open break, substantially as described,- and means for substantially simultaneously opening the normally closed break, and closing the normally open break for the purpose set forth.- 23. An inductive system, com rising a ,condenser, a circuit having means or utilizing the discharges from said condenser; a shunt-circuit around said means, and a switch in said shunt-circuit, whereby said means may be short-circuited or cut out. by said switch and said shunt-circuit.

24.. An inductive system, comprising a condenser, a circuit having means or utilizing the discharges from said condenser, and a fluid-operate d means for closing said circuit.

25. An inductive system, com rising a condenser, a circuit having'means or utilizing the discharges ,from said condenser, a switch controlling said circuit, fluid-operated means for operating said switch, and a manually-operated bulb for forcing fluid into the said switch-operating means.'

26. A high-frequency apparatus comprising a source of electrical energy, a condenser, a circuit having means for utilizing the discharges from said condenser, a switch for controlling said means, and fluid-actuated mechanism for operating said switch.

27. An inductlve system comprising a condenser, a low-resistance circuit for utilizing the discharge of said condenser and including an air-gap, and the rimary of a high-frequency induction-coil? and a switch for controlling said low-resistance circuit.

28. An inductive system comprising a condenser, a low-resistance circuit for utilizing the discharge of said condenser, a high-frequency transformer whose primary is m said low-resistance circuit, said transformer consisting of a primary having a number of helical turns and an inclosed seconds. wound in superimposed layers of substantia ly e ual or increasing resistance from the circum erence toward the center.

29. An inductive system comprising a condenser, a low-resistance circuit for receiving the discharge of said condenser, a high-frequency transformer whose primary is in said low-resistance circuit, said transformer consisting of a primary having a number of helicalturns and an inclosed secondary wound in superimposed layers with the turns in the layers decreasing in number from the center toward the circumference."

' ,5 low-resistance circuit, said transformer consisting of a primary having a number of helical turns and an inclosed secondary wound in-superimposed layers with the turns of the layers increasin in number as the lines of 'f'sity.

v 31. An inductive system comprisin a j high-frequency transformer whose seconfary 1 terminates in a ring with an inclosing helix of electrically-conducting material.

32. An electrode for -higire-frequency current system comprising a helix bent to bring its ends adjacen 33. A hi h-fre uency apparatus comprising a porta le ca inet having folding mem bers separately supporting or containing the essential elements of said apparatus, and whenunfolded maintaining said elements in a predetermined relation.

" '34. A higjh-fre uency a'pparatus'comprising a porta le ca inet,"hav1ng hinged members or cases separately supportin or containin the essential elements of sai apparatus, w ereby when said members or cases are folded together said elements are all contained within the interior walls of said cabinet.

35. A hi h-frequency apparatus comprising a porta le cabinet, having folding mem- 5 bers or cases and also comprising the essential elements of a high-fre uency system, which elements are respective y supported or contained b said members or cases in predetermined re ation when in operation.

36. A high-fro uency apparatus comprising-a porta le ca inet having folding members separately containing or supporting the essential features of a high-frequency system, one of said folding members containing 5 the high-frequency transformer.

37. A portable hi h-frequency apparatus comprising a portab e cabinet consisting of foldmg members, containing and separately su porting a transformer, a condenser, and a high-frequency inductor, and electric connections for placing the apparatus in proper circuit relations, said members when unfolded maintaining the transformer, thecon,

. denser and the high-frequency inductor in a predetermined relation.

38. A portable high-frequency apparatus comprising the essential elements of a highfre uency system, and a portable cabinet, sai cabinet consisting of independent members in hinged connection and adapted to be swung about their respective hinges to bring said e ements into 0 crating relation.

39. A portable highfrequenc apparatus comprising the combination wit a 'gh-freforce set up by t e primary decrease in inten-.

quency transformer and a terminal electrode therefor, a condenser, means for charging said condenser, and circuit connections, of a cabinet eomprisin hinged members for containingsaid recite elements, one of said members containing the high-frequency transformer and having said electrode projecting therefrom; a

40. A portable hi h-frequency apparatus comprising a portabie cabinet consisting of two hinged members and means for locking them when folded or closed together, a highfrequency transformer and an-electrode in one of said members, a condenser and anelectrode in the other of said members, anda condenser circuit including the last mentioned electrode extending from the transformer to the condenser, said members when opened or unfolded maintaining 'said electrodes in operativerelation.

41. A portable high-frequency apparatus comprising a portable cabinet consisting of two hinged members and means for locking them when folded or closed together, a highfrequency transformer and an electrode in one of said members, a condenser and an elec trode in the other of said members, and a con denser-circuit including the last-mentioned electrode extendin from the transformer to the condenser, sai last-mentioned electrode being hin ed to its cabinet member so .as to fold into t e cabinet when the latter is closed. 42. A portable high-frequency apparatus comprising a cabinet consisting of a base having a member fixed thereon, a second memberhinged to said base and adapted to close against the first-mentioned member, a third hinged member, and the essential elements of too *a high frequency system supported by or contained in said members respectively, and concealed within said cabinet when said members are closed together.

43. A switch for high-voltage circuits comprising a movable "member, a stationarymember, and fluid-operated means for moving said movable member-in either direction with a hammer-blow.

44. A switch for high-voltage circuits comprising a movable member, a stationary member, fluid-operated hammer for moving said movable member, and a device delivering fluid under compression to said hammer.

45. A switch for high-voltage circuits comprising a movable member, a stationary member, fluid-operated hammer for moving said movable member with a hammer-blow, a compressible bulb, and-a flexible conduit for connecting said bulb to said fluid-operatedmeans.

46. An inductive system comprising a con denser, means for charging said condenser, a 1 25 high-frequency transformer operated by said condenser, a thera eutic electrodeiconnected with one terminaof the secondary of said for char g said condenser by the self-inductransformer, and a condenser connected between the opposite terminal of said second-' ary and the ground.

47. An inductive system, comprising a condenser, a main circuit, and automatic means for char 'ng said condenser by the self-induction o the main circuit when a direct current is supplied to the said main circuit and for cha said condenser b the secondary induction of the said main circuit when an alternating current is supplied to the said main circuit.

48. An inductive system comprising a condenser, a main circuit, and automatic means tion an secondary induction of the said main circuit.

49. An inductive apparatus comprising a main switch, anintermittently-formed break, and a primary of a low-frequency transformer, all in series in a main circuit an intermittently-formed break, a choking-coil, a condenser, a variable prim of a high-frequency transformer, and a switch in multiple circuit around the same, all connected around 2 5 primary of said high-frequency transformer; 3 5

an independent handle-su ported high-frequency transformer in du icate connection to the first-mentioned hig -frequency trans- I former ;-and means in connection with the said handle-supported transformer for hold- 0 ifng tlalherapeutic electrodes substantially as set ort In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature in presence of two witnesses,

RALPH C. BROWNE.

I Witnesses:

EDWARD H. ADAMS, MARY B. MOODY. 

